The disease of the spine in our time is considered a serious medical and social problem. Every second 30 year old suffers from various vertebrates. Osteocondrosis is diagnosed in 70% of the skilled population in old age.
What is osteochondrosis
Osteocondrosis is a chronic neurological disease. From the Greek language, this term is translated as Osteo - Bone and Condros - cartilage.
As a result of the pathological destruction of the tissues, their elasticity and the loss of the original form are reduced. The distance between the vertebrae is reduced and the spine is deprived of a stable balance. Distinguish between lumbar, chest and cervical osteochondrosis.
In relation to the weakening of intervertebral discs in the body, irreversible pathological processes can begin to develop. With late treatment, such a process can lead to a vertebral and protrusion hernia. In addition, a degradation of the joints of the spinal column and intervertebral ligaments may occur. All these processes lead to the formation of bone processes - osteophytes.
Causes of the disease
Osteocondrosis develops according to a series of factors that depend and do not depend on a person. The main reasons reside in the following:
- The causes of the deviation in the intervertebral sections are an asymmetrical work of the muscles. This happens in case of warm improper before the exercises, uncomfortable poses, when wearing heavy bags, an improper position in a dream and too soft mattresses or cushions are used.
- Often the causes of osteochdrosis can be feet of the legs of the legs. At the same time, foot disease does not provide adequate depreciation during interaction with support and the entire load to move on to intervertebral columns.
- People with an excessive mass of the body very often face the problems of the spine. This is due to the fact that fat deposits are distributed in various parts of the body and axis of the spine, without resisting excessive load, begins to deform. The intervertebral joints take on the entire excess mass and overload over time.
- The cases of development of the disease are very frequent against the background of various back injuries, overload of dynamic and statistical nature, regular vibrations on the vertebral axis. Furthermore, the more elderly one becomes, the more often it becomes subject to such events.
- The curvature of the spine is the undoubted cause of the development of osteochondrosis. This pathology can develop both in early childhood and in a subsequent age. In the school years, most people acquire some deviations relating to the spinal column. Later, these manifestations are poured into a chronic disease.
Oltre ai motivi di cui sopra, si può distinguere quanto segue:
- predisposizione ereditaria;
- smoke;
- intossicazione o malattia infettiva;
- Cessazione forte di un forte sforzo fisico in palestra;
- nutrizione inferiore;
- cambiamenti associati all'età;
- postura sulla postura durante la gravidanza;
- condizioni ambientali avverse.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
I sintomi principali nella malattia possono essere chiamati dolore alla schiena e al collo. La gravità dei sintomi dipende dalla gravità e dalla fase della malattia. L'osteocondrosi ha un ampio quadro clinico. Ciò è dovuto al fatto che la posizione dei dischi intervertebrali viene violata, si formano ernie, escrescenze sulle vertebre. All this leads to a compromised blood supply, pinches of nerves, malfunction in the spinal cord and onset of fibrosis of the surrounding vertebrates.
With the development of osteocondrosis, the following symptoms begin to appear:
- Appare un dolore che tira o pulsante nella nuca, nel collo, nella parte bassa della schiena;
- Si fa sentire la debolezza muscolare;
- Quando si gira la testa, vengono ascoltate croste;
- Si presentano mal di testa e vertigini periodiche;
- Una persona prova inaspettata fatica dai soliti affari di routine, che nel tempo scorre in un cronico;
- intorpidimento degli arti, dei loro dolori e brividi;
- La sensibilità è disturbata;
- si sviluppa l'ipotensione muscolare;
- Fatica del corpo, incluso l'occhio.
A seconda dell'area della colonna vertebrale che l'osteocondrosi viene colpita, i sintomi possono variare. With the cervical osteochondrosis, there is pain in the hands and shoulders, the head begins to vertigo, the "flies" appear periodically in front of the eyes. La lesione della regione toracica porta al dolore al torace e alla regione del cuore. La regione lombare si dichiara dolore nella parte bassa della schiena, che vengono somministrati alle gambe o agli organi pelvici.
With late treatment, the following disorders may appear:
- spinal hernia;
- Cifosis;
- protrusion;
- roots;
- Deposits of salt in the space between the vertebrae;
- spinal cord race;
- Atrophy of the limbs;
- Paralysis of the legs.
Treatment of osteocondrosis
Osteocondrosis is treated with a fairly long period of time, about three months plus annual rehabilitation. The car -mediation can worsen the patient's condition and can take more time for treatment and recovery.
Therapeutic procedures are performed in two areas: conservative therapy and surgery. In addition, the patient is prescribed the corresponding diet and general recommendations are provided to maintain his health.
During conservative treatment, it is the aim of stopping pain syndrome, normalizing the spine and preventing further dystrophic changes in the axis of a person. Is performed with the following methods:
Drug therapy
Aimed at removing pain syndrome and prevent inflammation of the components of the column of tissue. At the same time, the goal is to improve the work of metabolic processes.
The following drugs are prescribed:
- Anti -ninfiammatori nonsride.
- Antispasmodic.
- Antioxidants.
- Improvement of blood microcirculation.
Medicines for osteochondrosis can be used as tablets, ointments, gels and injections. Ointments based on bee and snake poison have good reviews. Famous anesthetic ointments can be used without the prescription of a doctor to relieve muscle pain.
Ointments are used both during the period of exacerbation of pain and for the prevention of osteochondosis.
To stop pain and stop inflammation, they also use various therapeutic blocks. They help reduce muscle-syndic syndrome. Among these blocks, there is the application:
- block of trigger points;
- inside the bone;
- paravertebral;
- Epidural.
Physiotherapy
The procedure is necessary to relieve severe pain in the area of the spine and close to adjacent organs. It is prescribed during the period of drug therapy and in the rehabilitation period to improve their effectiveness.
Physiotherapy is performed using the following means:
- ultrasonic effects on the spine;
- laser treatment;
- Magnetically - resonance therapy;
- The use of low frequency currents.
Physiotherapy physical education (exercise therapy), Kinesitherapy
This type of treatment is selected individually according to the severity of the processes that proceed, their phases and the patient age. The exercises are selected dosti and carefully. The purpose of these exercises is to correct posture, normalize the work of muscle fabrics, their flexibility. At the same time, the decompression of the nerve roots is exposed and the prevention of possible complications is carried out.
The procedure allows you to normalize the metabolism and nutrition of intervertebral discs, improves blood circulation, restores the distance of discs and vertebrae, allows you to evenly distribute the load on the entire support and the motor system.
In addition, the following procedures have a good reparative effect:
- Massage. It helps to improve blood circulation, relieve rigidity and tension in the muscles, as well as improving the general conditions of the body and patient health.
- Hydromass. The effect is the same from massage therapy, only the work of the entire nervous system is still improving.
- Manual therapy. The impact goes to certain points of the bone and the muscle system. The motor activity is restored, the immune system is strengthened and the prevention of possible complications is performed.
- Extension (traction) of the spine. Using special equipment, the spine is corrected. The procedure helps to finally get rid of pain attacks.
With the ineffectiveness of the conservative treatment, surgery is used. The surgical method is also prescribed for the strongest lesions of the spine and its neighboring organs.
Any type of osteochondrosis can develop for many years in a place of location. But at the same time, pathological processes can form in any part of the spine. Timely treatment guarantees a favorable prognosis and complete cure of the osteocondrosis.